Ethanol on the heart rate

neutral spirits on the heart cast ca subroutine of different tautnesss of ethanol on the heart aim of the water fleaIn this test I give be looking at the consequenceuate of different c formerlyntrations of ethanol on the heart rate of the water flea, cyclops beca economic consumption using humans in a study to test the effects of ethyl alcohol on heart rate would non be ethical. water flea, analogous many animals, ar prone to alcohol intoxication, and make ex cadreent subjects for perusal the effects of the depressant on the nervous system due to the plain exoskeleton, and the visibly altered heart rate. neutral spirits is a sm altogether molecule, RMM of 43, so it crosses cell membranes by simple diffusion. The exoskeleton of water flea is not waterproof, so there argon no waterproof waxy layers to cross. The gills are particularly thin-walled and optimised for diffusion. They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, po nds, streams and rivers. They are tolerant of world observed live below a microscope and appear to suffer no harm when returned to capable water.The sample consists in preparing 5 different environments to specify the water flea in, and observe how the heart rate responds to each smorgasbord the change leave be the increase of ethanol concentration %. This go forth be the independent variable. The dependent variable is the heart rate of the water flea.Hypothesis Ethanol leave decrease the heart rate of the Daphnia.Null Hypothesis Ethanol impart gather in no effect on the heart rate of the Daphnia. I leave change the concentration of my Ethanol base by dilution and will therefore plot a graph. In addition, a correlation and ANOVA test will be calculated to determine the kin (If any) between the concentration of Ethanol and the heart rate of the Daphnia. I be possessed of taken into consideration factors that will act my overall conclusionFactors surface of Daphn ia The size of the Daphnia will affect its absorption of Ethanol and also the metabolism of the drug in the liver. Different rates of metabolism will result in different heart rates. As a result I essential en certain that I choose Daphnia which are the same size when conducting repeats. I will subprogram a highly sensitive scale to confirm that both daphnia are of equal body mass. era unbroken in ethanol resolution The Daphnia must be kept in the Petri sweetie broad(a) of ethanol solution for a specific amount of era. If they are kept in the solution for as well long they will become uplift which will result in abnormal heart beats that are hard to mea trustworthy although they must be kept in the solution long enough for sufficient absorption of Ethanol. Each Daphnia will stay in the ethanol solution for exactly 3 transactions so that an equal volume of ethanol is absorbed. Activity of Daphnia some Daphnia tend to be more active than others and these will contain a higher heart rate compared to ones that are idle. After ceaseing the Daphnia to swim in a specific solution of ethanol I will place them on a colliery glide so that I brush aside observe the heart rate with a microscope. As I will be using a pipette to tooshiealise the Daphnia from the Petri bag to the cavity slide additional fluid will be found on the slide which must be outback(a) with tissue so that all Daphnia remain idle/ nonmoving and not active I.e. swimming on the slide. This will also allow me to measure the heart rate with ease which reduces the likelihood of human error. Time left downstairs the microscope If the Daphnia are left under the microscope for alike long they will become stressed due to the catch fire of the microscope hoy and this will increase the heart rate of the Daphnia due to the discrimination of adrenaline therefore I must ensure that the microscope is switched glum when not in use. The cavity slides must be allowed to cool down forwa rds using them again as they tend to heat up. Impurities on cavity slide Traces of impurities including ethanol from a previous experiment may be left on the cavity slide which may slightly affect the heart rate of the Daphnia therefore the slide must be cleaned and dried thoroughly before each repeat. Alternatively, a new slide may be employ for each repeat. The materials driveed to perform this experiment are the hobby Normal size syringe2 miserable syringes (must have units of measurement) Open top pipetteEthanol of 1% concentration Various Daphnia to perform experiment on Microscope6 Petri dishes pitfall slideMarkerKleenex tissue for absorbing excess liquid cuticleStopwatch Method 1. The first thing that has to be done is the set of the different solutions where the Daphnia will be placed. To do this you will need the small syringe, and 5 Petri dishes. It is very advisable to have designates. The first Petri dish will contain 0% Ethanol, in other words equitable water . With a small syringe, take 10 ml of distilled water (the use of distilled water is authoritative as you will be removing any materials that may have an effect on the Daphnia heart rate) and place it in the Petri dish. The syringe you just used will only be used with water and not for the Ethanol. Put a 0% label on the Petri dish in order to prevail track of the different concentrations you will be making. The next Petri dish will contain 0.2% ethanol concentration, and you will make concentrations going up to 0.8%, so0.2 % With the other small syringe (this one will only be used for ethanol), add 2 ml of the 1% Ethanol, to 8 ml of distilled water0.4 % Add 4 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 6 ml of distilled water 0.6% Add 6 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 4 ml of distilled water 0.8% Add 8 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 2 ml of distilled water remember to label each concentration accordingly 2. Set your microscope up, put it on spiritualist magnification. Do not turn it on yet because the light of th e microscope can heat up the environment where you will be observing the Daphnia. It is important to try to keep the temperature of the experiment as stable as possible. affectionateness may modify the Daphnia heart rate, and the effect of heat on the heart rate is not the purpose of this experiment. 3. Now it is time to plectrum out one Daphnia from the glass or container where you put all of them in. It is important to use only one throughout this whole experiment because different animals may founder variations in their response to different environments. With the open top pipette, try to pick out a Daphnia which is not too small, as it will be harder to observe the heart rate if it is small. Once you have managed to take one out, place it in the remain empty Petri dish. Take the normal size syringe and very conservatively suck the Daphnia in with as least water possible. The intention is to have the Daphnia right at the tip of the syringe. Squirt the Daphnia out into the ca vity slide. It is very important to put the Daphnia in with the least water possible, in order to prevent it from moving too much. It is recommended to try to squirt it out with only one drop of water, as this will keep it alive, but immobile. Use tissue to remove excess fluid. Put the slide under the microscope. Turn the microscope on.4. Make sure you can see the Daphnia clearly under the microscope, once you are contented with the image, look for the heart 7 is the heart. If you can see the heart, and can keep track of its beating, put the Daphnia, with the normal sized, syringe into the 0% label Petri dish. damp the microscope slide with water and dry it. Turn the microscope off. 5. Keep the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes, this lets it adapt do the conditions and also increases the probability of it go the whole experiment. With the normal size syringe take it out of the Petri dish and put it onto the microscope slide, make sure that it is practically immobile (by ma king sure that you squirted the least amount of water possible) and put it under the microscope. Turn the microscope on.6. progress to the paper and marker ready. Look into the microscope and make sure you can deal the heart beat. Get someone to count 15 seconds with the stop watch. During 15 seconds, tap the paper with the marker each time the heart beats, after(prenominal) this, count the number of dots on the paper. Multiply this number by quadruple this gives you the heart rate per minute. Record the result. Do this process 3 measure in order to get 3 heart rates. Add the 3 heart rates and then divide the result by 3 this will give you the fair(a) of the Daphnia heart rate under those conditions. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope for a maximum of 2 minutes, because the heat of the light in the microscope could have effects on the experiment. Turn the microscope off after the count to prevent further heating caused by the light. 7. choose the slide from the microscope, and with the normal size syringe put the Daphnia into the 0.2% labelled Petri dish (wash the slide with water and dry it). Leave the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes once again. After 3 minutes, use the normal sized syringe to put it onto the microscope slide. Repeat step 6 and record results. 8. Count the heart rate of the Daphnia when placed in all the concentrations. Work your way up from 0% to 0.2% to 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%. Make sure you rinse and dry the slide with the distilled water after each time. You must start from the lowest concentration up to the highest concentration because the Daphnia has to in stages adapt to the changes, you will be reducing the probability of it dying. Another tenability for this is that if you start at the highest concentration, the impact on the Daphnia will be too dramatic and you will not see any trends once you try a lower concentration, it will have an effect of intoxication. call up to repeat each count 3 times to obtain an average o f the heart rate. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope during the same amount of time for each concentration, this will ensure that if there was any type of effect from the light under the microscope, all tests will be fair because they were under the exact same conditions. It is possible for the Daphnia to die during these tests this is why you must have acquired a fair amount of Daphnia, in order to have back-ups. 9. Repeat this experiment once or twice with different Daphnia, in this way you will be able to analyse any trends present in the experiment more accurately. I will use the following tables to record the results of this experiment Averages will be calculated for both experiments and the results will be organised in a separate table. My conclusion will be based on these averages because they are more representative. Modifications made to modeThe Daphnia used in the first experiment died after being placed on the cavity slide from the 0.6% ethanol solution probably due to the lack of fluid on the slide so I had to restart the experiment using another Daphnia. No one was useable to count 15 seconds with a stopwatch so I had to use my mobile phone which beeped after 15 seconds prompting me stop enumeration the number of heart beats. Results