The Technological Change Of Frito Lay Information Technology Essay

The technical Change Of Frito jell Information Technology EssayThe aim of this answer for is to perform a intimacy take stock of Frito position, by group data, analyzing the denudationings and making suggestions for the best possibility of friendship to be utilized in an establishment. This report chief(prenominal)ly highlights the main external factors that affect the organization, internal acquaintance finishing which builds an organization structure, technological change and some consequential principals on friendship bestowers and draws.The major finding in this report is that the friendship vigilance is a discover to achieving both scalability and headache optimization. noesis management is an attractive concept to legion(predicate) organizations. It champions in down the stairsstanding the require and gaps in noesis by simple analysis and table services in manage up with the globalization. Moreoer, the familiarity leaders and workers pull up sta kes help to put the theories and ideas from papers to real world.FRITO LAYIntoduction stretchThis report mainly foc substance abuses on friendship audit about the external influences on the organization and how knowledge culture enhances the organization structure. Moreover, this report mainly highlights about the technology and how it will revolutionize the comp whatevers culture.BackgroundFrito Lay gross gross sales force is facing an issue with finding and integrating of organization data and guest sales account info. mike Marino, vice president of customer discontinuement, stated that knowledge is trapped in files everywhere. galore(postnominal) sales concourse would ask the companys marketing and operation faculty the same training over and over. And the staff has to perform the same task for endless times. For this reason Mike Marino, integrated a Knowledge entry in corporate intranet. This portal opens gates to entirely sales staff with same information. This i nformation cig bette be sh atomic number 18d and updated at the same time moreover it will be avail fit to any atomic number 53 for any location. This portal was tested with a sales navigate police squad and passed with flying colors.This report does knowledge audit on the knowledge needs and gap in Frito Lay organization. Identified and provided a couple of(prenominal) knowledge audit tools used to gather present knowledge from an organization. Even tools have been mentioned which could be stabilizing for the case study.PurposeThe heading of this report is to generate a knowledge report by study the important external factors that influence the organization, internal knowledge culture in an organization, technology change in an organization and some highlights on knowledge workers and leaders.Current Knowledge position of the Frito LayIn sure knowledge position of Frito Lay has no centralized system and its sales team is not able to merge data of the corporate and the cu stomer account information.Purpose of the organizationFrito Lay falls under a private sector enterprise. A private sector company mainly looks for simoleons for their stakeholders go long lasting sustainability in the commercial market. Their main aim is to take advantage of their opportunities and consider profits as the most important result. The main funding is done by the stakeholders, to enhance the development and outgrowth of the company. The key goal for Private Sectors Company is to make a balance among long term sustainability and gyp term profits. The CEO of the company is mainly responsible for creating a vision to the organization generally he/she would be a highly experienced person in field and is responsible in the achievement of the business (Debowski 2006).The purpose of the Frito Lay is to focus on one single mission to become worlds pencil lead products company for the consumer who focus on convenient foods. They try to offer better opportunities for growth and improvement to their employees, business and the in communities where they work. Moreover, whatever they do, they struggle for honesty and integrity. Frito lays main vision is to improve all their features in which they operate- environment, well-disposed and economic. They try to implement this vision by programs and concentrate on environmental stewardship, steps that benefit society and building a good relationship among stakeholders. Moreover, they not only focus on financial victory of the company besides similarly in reducing environmental footprint by protecting innate(p) resources and using renewable energy in order to reduce toxic emissions.The knowledge environment in which the organization exists external contextWhen organizations ar exposed to external environment, it will go done some changes. There argon many factors the likes of technological changes and globalization have brought many opportunities and caused threats in the grocery (Debowski 2006).Glo balization has provided an opportunity for businesses like Frito Lay to gain access all over the world but besides brought international organizations to the home market which poses a threat to other companies. Globalization allows customers to check prices, run and reviews of the product from many providers before selecting their suppliers. Even if the supplier is at another end of the world could be located and contacted through tele confabulations to meet customer requirements (Debowski 2006).Like discussed before, Globalization provides both opportunity and threat. The threat could be an increase number of competitions means customer are exposed to a wide range of products and services. wherefore we fanny assume that customer wont stick to one supplier as in that respect are many, so customer loyalty cannot be trusted. Since costumer is exposed to many varieties of products, it will in convolute increase the stress on organizations like Frito Lay to be more creative plus mo re responsive to the costs set by the competitors (Debowski 2006).The other external factor that affects organization is the pressure from the stakeholder. Since the enthronement become global, there will be continuous demands from stakeholders to improve market shares, cost reductions and increase in profits. Even technological change is a main factor that effects on business and also helps developing quickly. In case of Frito lay, the Globalization is forcing business to update their technology in order to grapple in the market (Wimmer 2004). Technology has become a foundation to many organizations and work tasks, and allows effective converse and management (Debowski 2006).The organisational structure including the internal knowledge culture fit in to the Oliver Kandadi (2006 p.6) knowledge culture is A way of organizational life that enables and motivates people to ready, share and utilize knowledge for the benefit and enduring advantage of the organization. This culture w as seen in Frito Lay organization which was implemented by Mike Marino, vice president of customer development. The company bought a tool called Autonomy from navigator systems, a search engine that allows users to search information and explore new ideas through intranet sites. By the help of navigator system, new innovative ideas and solutions were developed through combined efforts. Once the system was centralized, knowledge sharing became top activity between staff members with the help of supervisor and leaders. aft(prenominal) the implementation, employees are kept up to date about the issues, events and innovations. This internal culture has boost a regular communications all over the organization which helped openness, honesty and concerned for others is promoted. Knowledge culture allows employees to work together by sharing and learning from their peers and supervisors (Oliver Kandadi 2006).Organizational structure is an influencing element in launching and development of knowledge culture. It defines the way power and responsibility is performed in an organization and also distributes knowledge in a way that it will be easily adopted by the sign. Organizational structure allows employees to be grouped according to their functions or division or both. In Frito Lay, the company grouped sales team as a pilot team for the portal, which helped the firm to understand the new system (Debowski 2006).Knowledge workersAccording to Debowski (2006, p.31) knowledge workers use their heads more than their hands to produce value. Knowledge workers mainly work with their own knowledge to resolve issues or problematic situations. They try to learn new information to reshape their existing knowledge, by doing so they can apply these skills in a variety of areas to resolve issues, generate ideas, or develop new services and products (Prince, 2010). Their job mainly deals on the mental rather than muscle power and is characterized by non respective tasks. They use divergent methods to solve issues and they also have authority to decide which technique to use in order to achieve the success (Prince 2010).In the case study, Frito Lays vice president of customer development, Mike Marino and Price had many types of organizational knowledge (Debowski 2006).Knowledge that may possess many features, characteristics and value of different sources or systems that may be found in the Frito Lay organization.Knowledge that can identify people, groups and organization and techniques to link them.Understand how to carry out difficult task which require analytical skills such as researching, testing and innovating.An ability to observe, estimate and access correct knowledge sources.The sales pilot team was outspread all over the country to collect information from the customers and analyze it with correct resources and then fed top it to the sales people in the organization. This flow of knowledge from knowledge workers to the organization will empower them with choice customer knowledge and competitive intelligence.Knowledge leadersKnowledge leaders are the pillars to the organization and championship of knowledge management in a firm. These people provide the encouragement, set goals and vision to transform the knowledge concept in to a reality. By the circumstances of the organization, the knowledge leaders roles and responsibilities are designed. Knowledge leaders help to build an effective knowledge community. Their roles require them to understand the complex framework of the knowledge operations and ways communication and teamwork is built and strengthened (Debowski 2006). The generic attributes of knowledge leader were they contribute some important attributes which depend on understanding of process, systems and peopleThe main concepts identified within the case study are disciplines of knowledge leadership, like willingness to share knowledge because it is seen as a power and also collaboration of their work with other organizations. Mike Marino acted as a Change Agent as he identified that knowledge was dispersed in various(a) systems across their organization which created complexity for employees to retrieve data freely and there was inconsistency in data too. They solved this problem by sharing the knowledge all over the organization by developing a centralized system (KM portal) for all of their business processes (Debowski 2006).Another prototype that is clear in case study is generic attributes of the knowledge leader, for instance selecting an appropriate sales pilot team and sending them with knowledge management portal support across 10 different cites to by measuring up their capital punishment with the normal teams which displays the qualities of strategic visionary and knowledge executor attribute of the knowledge leader (Debowski 2006).TechnologyTechnology is a main factor that brings out a huge positive diversion in an organization and also helps developing it growth rapidly. I n case of Frito lay, due to no integration between business process for finding and merging data of cooperate and customer account information. After the implementation of Knowledge management system (KMS) it become a basic foundation to the organizations and work tasks by providing an effective communication and management (Debowski 2006).KMS provides a unified and functional platform in an organization on which many other knowledge activities flow and interconnect. It offers knowledge capture and sharing freely, readily and openly to all the stakeholders across the organization. Moreover, it also offers a channel to an individual user to acquire a document, send, share and create knowledge to meet the priorities of the organization. Basically there are four components in KMS Business process management, pith management, Web electrical capacity management and Knowledge occupation management. In case of Frito Lay, they have built knowledge management portal on the corporate intra net. It acts a centre point of access to various sources of information and offers individual access too. This type of system falls under content and business process management (Debowski 2006).The content management system is an intellectual content in KMS. It allows users to retrieve knowledge on special(a) theme and topic from the KM portal. It allows a wide range of strategies of indexing, storing and organizing the knowledge that are linked in KMS. Business process management defines the processes that are needed for an organization. Like in Frito Lay, these systems are linked to a knowledge management practices so that employees of the company have the access of accurate and up to date data to build up their knowledge (Debowski 2006).Knowledge resources and knowledge-sharing practicesOne of the core practices in knowledge management is knowledge repositories and knowledge sharing (Debowski 2006). Typically, knowledge repository outlook is like another web-based index. It prov ides many options to the users to explore with the main menu that offers wide range of access to the recognized knowledge resources from internal and external to the organization. Repositories act as a connection between the user and the core knowledge, working as a single point of entry to support users finding required information across the organization and also other organizations (Annunziata abscond 2002). Through repositories knowledge is shared among users, sharing knowledge has become institutionalized and ends up becoming a part of the routine daily life (Barnes 2002).The repository system used by the Frito Lay sales force was Autonomy. This system was acquired from a consultancy, Navigator systems from Dallas. This tool enables users to search all the way through various repositories like internet sites, spreadsheets and power point presentation (Huysman Writ 2002). It supports many salespeople to get all world-shaking information from a variety of sources which allow them to achieve all the different data sets through one picture. Furthermore other features that we can see in this tool are it links the organization data with internal sources and outside too, it is a search service that helps people to find data that is required and it also help to record solutions and best practices of other so that it can be shared with others (Barnes 2002).Knowledge needsThe main goal of knowledge needs is to identify accurately about the knowledge the organization, its team and its people need at the moment and the knowledge they capacity need in the feature to achieve their goals and objective. The rising strategy of an organization is enhanced due to knowledge needs analysis. This analysis can also find out the staff skills and capability of improvement needs and opportunities for training and developing, team spirit and relationship with staff, subordinated and peers (Ovio Komi-Sirvi 2002).Knowledge gapsA gap between the ideal world and the existing kno wledge world is known as knowledge gap. Gaps may obstruct innovations, opportunities for organization improvement or impede technology implementation Often, the get-go task is to review the about the existing knowledge in the organization and then analyze who has it, where it is and which jobs the knowledge is used in. Moreover, when knowledge gaps are visible then it gives a confidence in decision making. It is important to identify knowledge gaps of two forms of knowledge, explicit and tacit knowledge (Debowski 2006).According to Lin, Yeh Tseng (2005 p.3) knowledge gaps can be viewed in four different sentiments strategic aspect, planning aspect, perception aspect and implementation aspect.Strategic aspect This type of knowledge is necessary for the improvement of the organization competitiveness.Implementation aspect Implementation of knowledge management. political platform aspect The plan of knowledge managementPerception aspect To improve the organizations competitiveness a s perceived by the top managers and employees.QuestionsWhat categories of knowledge do you use in your organization?How do you use from each one of that knowledge?From how many sources can you acquire the knowledge?Apart from yourself, who else use this knowledge?Is a specific knowledge is restricted to specific users?JustificationFor the first question, it was important to know how knowledge was divided into the firm and how many categories are present for the employees and teams in an organization.For the second question, how organization utilized that knowledge, for instance whether there are any restrictions or no restrictions.For the third question, how does the organization acquire knowledge, like internal and externally.For the fourth question, by for the organization and its people, is that knowledge is utilized by other organization? Or it is used by the suppliers or other external factors.For the final question, are there any security constraints in the company, if ther e are then why those constraints.Knowledge audit ToolsAccording to Ramalingam (2006 p.13) knowledge Audit offers a framework for gathering data, synthesising findings and making suggestions about the best way forward for knowledge and learning initiatives against a background of the broader geomorphological and policy factors affecting an organization.In Frito Lay, the sales team has been given access to portal with different content as well as research abstracts, which was called as a performance scorecard (Chowdhury 2006). It is to evaluate the performance of the account. This tool comes under the balanced scorecard approach for measuring the performance on the four key aspects financial investment, internal process, customer/stakeholders expectation and focus on learning and growth. This tool will help in measuring the performance of the employees and help in providing results on how effective the company is operating.The tools of knowledge audit areKnowledge Gap analysis This t ool shows the gaps that hold back technology implementations and hamper opportunities and relegate innovations.SWOT analysis It is a strategic planning technique that is applied to calculate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats included in a project or an organization.Knowledge Taxonomy it regulates a construction of knowledge map by describing an organizational knowledge and relationship.Exit Interviews When an employee is leaving a company forever, then he/she will be winning knowledge along with them. So this tool will help to document that knowledge so that it can be utilised by other employees.Questionnaire A research in conducted with a series of questions for the purpose of gathering data from large number of respondents.RecommendationsKnowledge portal has do a huge residual to Frito Lays sales team. The portal acted as a central point for the whole organization by providing quadruplicate resources as it provides an essential way to capture information. T he implementation of portal has brought a lot of profits and made their work easy. However, this is the beginning stage of the progression and still a lot to come.Since the portal is implemented in only to team it is recommended to add its functional to other employees across the 3 divisions. Moreover, it would be better if this is added to their customers like supermarkets as it would help them to synching their knowledge with the organization for co promoting and co merchandising of products together.In future, the organization might implement other knowledge management systems like Web Content Management and Knowledge masking Management. Web content mainly deals with building an effective website structure through which users may access to the KMS Frito Lay can have advantage with this system as it will provide a direct communication with the client side. It will provide an easy user interface and it would even benefit the consumers too. Knowledge application management system w ould provide users with applications like word processing and emails. These applications will help the staff creating knowledge. final stageIn conclusion, knowledge management is the key to every organization for opening a door full moon of opportunities and possibilities. KM portal has become a PepsiCo project as it has helped in improving employee retention rank and the efficiency of the companys operation too. Frito Lays sales team is able to capture the specific information of the corporate and customer sales account information from any location. It has reduced inconsistency and duplication of data which reduced the execute of same tasks over and over.Knowledge management is an attractive concept to many industries. It helps understanding the needs and gaps in knowledge by simple analysis and helps in coping up with the globalization. Moreover, the knowledge leaders and workers will help to put the theories and ideas from papers to real world.

What is Serial Killer behavior and profiling

What is Serial Killer behavior and writeWhat is a sequential sea wolf? Many have their own ideas as to what a series blot outer is, what they go out deal, and what kind of job they have or how they were raised or even where they live. In order for the subscriber to really understand the definition of a sequential cause of death the research must pin depute what makes a sequent. Statistical data as well as demographic data will also be discussed so that it can show accuracy between indites and stereo lineaments. Past studies and the articles under consideration close toly point out two major factors that result into causing the homicidal behavior. These factors atomic number 18 psychological aspects and disturbed family background. The studies that we argon going to review have analyzed the serial killing attitudes using contrasting approaches. Geographical Profiling, ratiocination Support System, Motives, Comparison of single and serial killers, Distinction between a ntisocial personality disorder and psychopaths, Demographics of dupes, the washcloth trash phenomenon and a criticism over generalities profiling be our studied approaches and findings. The psychological aspects include brachydactylic kinds of satisfaction that a homicide derives from offensive attitude. This satisfaction washcloththorn be either of sexual nature or revenge or both. Other abusive activities much(prenominal) as indulging into drugs, alcoholism and minor crimes are also considered in the psychological aspects. A disturbed background at home includes split family, abusive parent or guardian, the circumstances that execute to staying at thrill. A child when goes through disturbed phases inwardly family it is a big stimulus for that child to turn into a homicide. The children who live in foster care have a potency to engage into abusive activities in future when they leave care. The reviewed studies follow logarithmic and quadratic distribution, normalization pa rameter, literature review, integration approach, comparative approach, cinematic approach and profiling approach.Truth back tooth Serial MurderSerial homicide, in its youngest form was know by the FBI as a lust murder (Egger, 1998). Still the question arises as to what is the actual definition of a serial killer. A nonher describes a serial killer as cardinal that explodes in homicidal rampage (Egger, 1998). Then you look at law enforcement and what they say is serial murder is sexual attacks, the death of men, women and children committed by a anthropoid killer (Egger, 1998). Though on that point are umteen definitions to what a serial killer may be, angiotensin converting enzyme may have to look further in depth to really understand what the definition is. here(predicate) are nearwhat ideas to think about when defining this aspect. First, serial murder occurs when iodin or more(prenominal) individuals commit murder of three or more people over a period of time. Second , at that place is a cooling off period between each murder. This could be weeks, months or even geezerhood before they go after another victim. Third, there is usually no connection between the victim and assailant. Forth, Serial killings are usually different in geographic area and can move from one location to another. Last, but not least motives are not for material reasons, but for power and adjudge (Holmes, 1998). As one may notice researchers have been landing fielding and trying to get to an iron wrapped definition to go by when establishing what a serial killer is.Although as difficult as one may think this is, the above mentioned characteristics of a serial killer help Law enforcement further in their serial killer cases. In another attempt at defining a serial killer it was declared as any offenders, priapic or female, who kill over time with a minimal of three to four victims who have a pattern with their killing that can be associated with the types of victims selected or the method or motives (Hickey, 2002).Ideologies of Serial murderThere have been numerous researches done in order to create many categories, types, and labels of murders. Some of these categories include biological, psychological, and sociological traits (Siegel, 1998). Other researchers have gone further in categorizing murders as brain disorders, passive aggressive, alcoholics, mentally retarded, and hysterical (Hickey, 2002). Other researchers in yet more categories such(prenominal) as the visionary type who hears voices, which tell them to act in horrible acts. Then there is the mission type who believes it is their duty to get rid of evil people in the world and example of this is Hitler. Some examples of what may be considered as evil are certain religions, ethnic groups and homosexuals. Next, is the hedonistic type which commits violent acts for fun. They kill for only the pleasure of it, there is no personal gain with this type. Last, but not least there is the power type who desires to be in control (hickey, 1997). An example of this is actually a movie called dictum where they get pure pleasure by setting someone up in a stratagem that will kill them if they do not do something for the killer. The victim does what is expected, but in most cases they gloss over die thinking that they were going to live. This is also where the background of bedwetting and animal cruelty begins (Douglas, 1999).Males Serial KillersThe earliest corroboration after the 1800s of an adult male serial killer was Edward Rulloff, also known as the educated murderer, in 1846. It wasnt until the 1900s that we saw a dramatic increase (Hickey, 2002). A study done by D.K Rossmo in 1995 stated that males were involved in over 90% of serial murders. He found that the average age for a serial killer was around the mid-20. In his study he went on to show that 73% were white males, 22% were African American, 3% were Hispanic, and 1 % Asian (Hickey, 2002). The mobility cl assifying gets a little difficult for it differs for each serial killer. About one-third of male killers have killed people in multiple states. Over 50% of male serial killers stayed locally when committing their murders. Over 10% of serial killers use their own home (Hickey, 2002). Most victims however, are killed by a local serial killer. The victims of these serial killers can be categorized into three different targets. First, is the stranger. Next, which is the most targeted is the acquaintances, and last but not least is the family members.The occupation of a male serial killer is very diverse. Jobs such as a plumber to a physician are common. Many known serial killers were in jobs you would never think of them being in given their nasty habits. A well example of this is Ted Bundy who was thought to have been a law student. Another was Bianchi who was a security officer and an ambulance number one wood as well. He over a seven year period held over 10 jobs (Egger, 1998). It is examples like these that show the assortment of backgrounds that these men share. It does not seem to be a factor as farthermost as education goes. Some of these men never made it through high school whereas some did, yet they did not further their education past high school and a few did. In addition to this many also had a prior criminal history. Results were astonishing as the combination of offenses such as prison, mental hospital, property offenses, sex crimes, crimes on children, drugs, fire starting, homicide, and assault was 68% (Hickey, 2002).Next, what we will blab out about is the importance of the motives and methods of a serial killer, which a lot of researches see as the most important. Eric Hickeys study illustrated that 41% of serial killers uses some fire arms. 42% of serial killers in his study used a combination of methods. Such methods that were used include 37% strangulation and 34 % stabbing. 26% used some bludgeoning, and 19% used firearms only. It went o n to say that 13 % stabbed only. The last 2% used other meaning as their way of killing (Hickey, 2002).Serial Killer Most Frequent Method Albert DeSalvo Strangulation Ed Kemper Shooting Carlton Gary Strangulation Robert Long Combination Kenneth Bianchi Strangulation(Hickey, 2002 Egger, 1998).Female Serial KillersMany do not think of a female as being a serial killer, but contrary to that opinion they do exist. Females are more often than not dismissed as being serial killers, because of the stamp under which they fall. Researchers provide evidence to prove that they indeed are capable of committing serial murder. When fitting women to this profile it is hard because you think of your mom who is loving and nurturing. The last think anyone wants is to think that their mother could be such a thing as a serial killer. The public just doesnt think of their mothers and sisters as having the mental ability of murder (Holmes, 1998). Unfortunately statistics show that 10 to 15 percent of American serial killers have been women (Jenkins, 1994). The FBI called Aileen Wuornos the counterbalance female serial killer after killing seven men by shooting them in the torso in 1989 (Egger, 1998). Females can be as cruel and uncompassionate as male serial killers (Abbot et al. 2001). Like the male serial killer there is documentation of female serial killers going as far back as the 1800s. From 1826 to 1995 there have been a total of 59 cases of female serial killings. The number of victims killed within this time frame is over 834 (Hickey, 2002). Most of female serial killers seem to lead a normal average life. According to a study by Hickey, 32% of female serial killers have been homemakers, 18% were nurse or had been a nurse, and 15 % had a prior criminal record. as well as like men the average were whit and around there early 30s. As far as female serial Killers victims it seems that according to research they fall into the same three categories as men. In most of the other aspects women are pretty close to the same in their serial killings. However motives seem to be somewhat different of that of male serial killers. These are usually based on emotions, such as being physically abused, sexually abused.The many aspect of a serial killer that were discussed in this newsprint show both the sides of a male and a female serial killer and the many profiling behaviors of each. Our reviewed studies have analyzed the relationship of all these factors using various techniques. It is possible that many serial murderers are apprehended before they kill three or more victims required to qualify as such. Similarly, there are some who are detained for mental institutions and not directly answer for their crimes. Others continue to kill many more people to over the years without being arrested.

Data flow diagram

selective information hunt diagram information Flow platDFD is a carcass precedenting tool, the most familiar and important representations in information go symboling. DFD everyows us to picture a corpse as a net knead of functional processes, connected to unmatchable an other(a) by pipe accounts and holding tanks of selective information. It is a structured, diagrammatic technique representing outside(a) entities, logical storage, entropy sinks and data hangs in the establishment. You can in any case call back DFD as bubble chart, bubble diagram, process model, and work flow diagram. entropy Flow Diagram Types corporeal Data Flow Diagram Physical data flow diagrams argon implementation-dep peculiarityent and show the actual devices, de sectionalisationment, people, etc., involved in the current system.Logical or Conceptual Data Flow Diagram Logical data flow diagram represents line functions or processes. It describes the system independently of how it is act ually implemented, and focalisees rather on how an activity is accomplished.The comp unitynts of the data flow diagram (DFD)Processes The basic processing items of a data flow diagram. They be used to transform incoming data flows into outgoing data flows. Processes that ar not gain ground decomposed absorb to be described by doer of a textual specification. This text defines how the input data of the process be transformed into output data.Terminators Data call downrs (data sources) or data consumers (data sinks) outside of the systemData flows Logical channels (pipelines) in which data argon transported they ar represented by arrows connecting the processesData storage Storage space from which data can be read with a eon delay afterward writing them without processing comp one(a)nt.Data flow diagrams be useful ifyou crap lots of calculations to carry outYou be familiar with data flow techniques in a method you suffer used repeatedly before.The blast to data flow diagramming should be as followscreate a data flow diagram for each of the study outputs of the systemwork back from the outputs to the inputs to construct the diagramadd new preys where necessary to the object model as you discover the need for them in the data flow modelingadd new operations and attri furtheres to the object model as you discover the need for them in the data flow modelling Data Flow DescriptionThe data flow symbol is a line with an arrow showing the direction of flow. It should be named using words that are understood within the department or organization describing the data. The data that leaves one process is exactly that which arrives at the next process. An arrow usually at the end of the flow line indicates direction of flow. External Entity DefinitionThe external entity is a source or recipient of data that is outside the marge of investigation. The fundamental purpose of this symbol is to indicate that whatever happens at the end of the data flow,Enti ty Relationship DiagramA logical data model is documented as an entity relationship model supported by the data items for each entity (conventionally in the form of a Third Normal mixed bag relation).Though the relationship among data cut in is not emphasized in data flow diagram, it is well reflected in ERD. ERD is one of the most useful model forming tools to organize this discussion. ERD is network model that describes monetary fundd data of a system at a high level of abstraction. For system analyst, ERD has a major attain it highlights the relationship amidst data stores on DFD which would otherwise only be seen in the specification process.The main components of an ERD includeEntity- a subject, a duty, or an event that has a significant meaning to the future system prop the characteristics of the entity displayed by fields or columns of a table.Relationship- in that location is 3 major types of relationship used in ERDs ane one relationshipOne many relationshipMany m any relationshipEntity- is any type of object that we wish to store data about. Which entity types you make up ones mind to include on your diagram depends on your application. In an accounting application for a business you would store data about customers, suppliers, products, invoices and payments and if the business manufactured the products, you would need to store data about materials and production steps. Each of these would be classified as an entity type because you would want to store data about each one. In an entity-relationship diagram an entity type is shown as a box. There may be many entity types in an entity-relationship diagram. The name of an entity type is singular since it represents a type.Attributes-The data that we want to keep about each entity within an entity type is contained in attributes. An attribute is some quality about the entities that we are interested in and want to hold on the database. In fact we store the regard as of the attributes on the database. Each entity within the entity type exit earn the same(p) set of attributes, but in general different attribute values. For type the value of the attribute ADDRESS for a customer J. Smith in a CUSTOMER entity type might be 10 pour down St., London whereas the value of the attribute address for another customer J. major(ip) might be 22 Railway Cuttings, Cheam.Cardinality and OptionalityThe maximum degree is called cardinality and the marginal degree is called Optionality. In another scope of use the terms degree and cardinality guide different meanings. In Date 4th ed. p240 degree is the term used to consult the physique of attributes in a relation while cardinality is the number of tipples in a relation. Here, we are not talking about relations (database tables) but relationship types, the associations between database tables and the real world entity types they model.Entity DescriptionsCustomerInfoThis entity is to store the personal Name, direct etc in to check in the hostel.StockThis entity is to store the detail of bank line items in order to check new item.Check InThis entity is to store the Customer information that was get to the Room. participationThis entity is to store the Room that withstand been booking according to customers order.RoomThis entity is to store the Room information of the Hostel attitude.Sale ServiceThis entity is to store the sale record of each customer and the item.Entity Life HistoryThe ELH technique is base on concepts developed by Michael capital of Mississippi for structured program form. The essential idea is that all data processing can be described in terms of chronological succession (order), selection (choice) and iteration (repetition) of processing components, which are derived from the data structures. In an ELH these ideas are used by analogy to model sequences, selections and iterations of events affecting an entity.In between the birth and death events there may be a number of lifespan ev ents. Jackson rules are observed in that the diagram shows that it is achievable for there to be no changes between creation and end of life for a particular instance, as an iteration may occur zero, one or many times.Parallel lives are used when there are two (or more) independent sets of events that can affect an entity. As events from the two sets are not dependent on each other, but only on events from their own set, they cannot be ordered together in a foreseeable way.Quits and resumes are a means of jumping from one part of the diagram to another in order to cope with exceptional or unusual events. If used indiscriminately they can undermine the apparent structure of the diagram and make it more difficult to understand. Analysts should therefore use a quit and resume only when they are sure that there is no sensible way in which they can use dominion Jackson structures to show what they want. NormalisationAny collection of attributes can be state to be either un principleis ed or in a particular convening form depending on its compliance with the rules given below. Many normal forms have been defined. Codd originally defined first, second and third normal forms. There are some cases, particularly where keys are complex and contain many attributes, where further standardization may be required. For such cases, Boyce- Codd normal form, fourth normal form and fifth normal form also exist. In this book, normalization allow only be covered up to the third normal form, since this is sufficient for most practical purposes. For further information about the other normal forms the reader is referred to Data (2000).Report for National Hostelling AssociationThere are a lot of advantages when compared to the manual system and computer based system. Although our system is still window based.We pass on be able to way of life service, Ecommerce application in the future. We have made the information giving in our system easily understandable for new uses of the system.The display area of the store is not very large. It will only display a secondary section of the Room Other Sale Item that the Check in the Hostel room. My system will allow customers to choice rooms . This will allow customers to request room and service that are not on display. The customer can search the room by keyword or by category such as room,Booking No, CheckIn/Out etc or by charges. The charges will take the discount value for each invoice ie, the For manager, he will stand by with this activities during busy periods and will be responsible for the general wariness duties such as accounting, correspondence, staffing etc. The manager will also Booking and necessary from a number of customers and he will also decide which of the services will be discount prices to the customer. In order to do this, he will need the information from the system. The system also produce the monthly report in order to estimate the rooms status and the customer like and dislike of the services ie the customer dash according to the season.These above information are explained about the functions of the National Hostelling Association.To have a successful system design for the National Hostelling Association, I have to study the manual system first. Then I draw the context diagram. The context diagram shows the entire system as a integrity process surrounded by the external entities. The National Hostelling Association, Context diagram represents data input and output flows. This make to concentrate or focus on the boundary to be investigated. This can give great help in discussing with the user on the scope of the system.Aims and objectives are given to the system so the system user cannot depart from the system needs. As the context diagram is move, the level 1 DFD are also easily drawn to make the system easy to look and to be understandable. This can upraise the clarity of the system to the user.Then I create a data model to support the system information. It points the ways how the data items are assort together into entities and identifies the relationships between the entities. To get the attributes for the entities, I studied the manual records and the receipts of the National Hostelling Association. Additional characteristics such as the optionality and degrees of relationship are mandatory to aim for the entities.Then I studied how the entities change with time.ELH is described to hunch over the creation of an entity occurrences, record the sequence of changes in the system during its life time and how it ends in the system.Then I do the normalization which provides the sound footing for physical design which can be implemented as the database design. For database design, all entities are included in the data dictionary which is the sources of information of the system.Then, I create the prototype by using Visual Studio 2005. It includes search for an item of National Hostelling Association. I also take the screenshots of the prototype and identify where the system needs the validation rule.All the tasks shown above demonstrate an understand of the modeling and adroitness of the data driven system. They demonstrate the analysis and design of a system including the prototype use interface, training plans for the users.Preparation for the buildation of the systemIn order to install the system, we first need to install the hardware first. Then we need to do the data entry for the items. We also need to install the software required to run the system.The requirements are as followsHardware RequirementsPentium IV or aboveProcessors is C.P.U. 1.8 GHz or above. holding (RAM) is 512MB or above.Hard Disk space is 1GB for my system and 10 GB for Operation System.Software RequirementsWindow XPVisual Studio 2005Microsoft Office vocalise 2003 for reading Manual Guide

Ethanol on the heart rate

neutral spirits on the heart cast ca subroutine of different tautnesss of ethanol on the heart aim of the water fleaIn this test I give be looking at the consequenceuate of different c formerlyntrations of ethanol on the heart rate of the water flea, cyclops beca economic consumption using humans in a study to test the effects of ethyl alcohol on heart rate would non be ethical. water flea, analogous many animals, ar prone to alcohol intoxication, and make ex cadreent subjects for perusal the effects of the depressant on the nervous system due to the plain exoskeleton, and the visibly altered heart rate. neutral spirits is a sm altogether molecule, RMM of 43, so it crosses cell membranes by simple diffusion. The exoskeleton of water flea is not waterproof, so there argon no waterproof waxy layers to cross. The gills are particularly thin-walled and optimised for diffusion. They live in various aquatic environments ranging from acidic swamps to freshwater lakes, po nds, streams and rivers. They are tolerant of world observed live below a microscope and appear to suffer no harm when returned to capable water.The sample consists in preparing 5 different environments to specify the water flea in, and observe how the heart rate responds to each smorgasbord the change leave be the increase of ethanol concentration %. This go forth be the independent variable. The dependent variable is the heart rate of the water flea.Hypothesis Ethanol leave decrease the heart rate of the Daphnia.Null Hypothesis Ethanol impart gather in no effect on the heart rate of the Daphnia. I leave change the concentration of my Ethanol base by dilution and will therefore plot a graph. In addition, a correlation and ANOVA test will be calculated to determine the kin (If any) between the concentration of Ethanol and the heart rate of the Daphnia. I be possessed of taken into consideration factors that will act my overall conclusionFactors surface of Daphn ia The size of the Daphnia will affect its absorption of Ethanol and also the metabolism of the drug in the liver. Different rates of metabolism will result in different heart rates. As a result I essential en certain that I choose Daphnia which are the same size when conducting repeats. I will subprogram a highly sensitive scale to confirm that both daphnia are of equal body mass. era unbroken in ethanol resolution The Daphnia must be kept in the Petri sweetie broad(a) of ethanol solution for a specific amount of era. If they are kept in the solution for as well long they will become uplift which will result in abnormal heart beats that are hard to mea trustworthy although they must be kept in the solution long enough for sufficient absorption of Ethanol. Each Daphnia will stay in the ethanol solution for exactly 3 transactions so that an equal volume of ethanol is absorbed. Activity of Daphnia some Daphnia tend to be more active than others and these will contain a higher heart rate compared to ones that are idle. After ceaseing the Daphnia to swim in a specific solution of ethanol I will place them on a colliery glide so that I brush aside observe the heart rate with a microscope. As I will be using a pipette to tooshiealise the Daphnia from the Petri bag to the cavity slide additional fluid will be found on the slide which must be outback(a) with tissue so that all Daphnia remain idle/ nonmoving and not active I.e. swimming on the slide. This will also allow me to measure the heart rate with ease which reduces the likelihood of human error. Time left downstairs the microscope If the Daphnia are left under the microscope for alike long they will become stressed due to the catch fire of the microscope hoy and this will increase the heart rate of the Daphnia due to the discrimination of adrenaline therefore I must ensure that the microscope is switched glum when not in use. The cavity slides must be allowed to cool down forwa rds using them again as they tend to heat up. Impurities on cavity slide Traces of impurities including ethanol from a previous experiment may be left on the cavity slide which may slightly affect the heart rate of the Daphnia therefore the slide must be cleaned and dried thoroughly before each repeat. Alternatively, a new slide may be employ for each repeat. The materials driveed to perform this experiment are the hobby Normal size syringe2 miserable syringes (must have units of measurement) Open top pipetteEthanol of 1% concentration Various Daphnia to perform experiment on Microscope6 Petri dishes pitfall slideMarkerKleenex tissue for absorbing excess liquid cuticleStopwatch Method 1. The first thing that has to be done is the set of the different solutions where the Daphnia will be placed. To do this you will need the small syringe, and 5 Petri dishes. It is very advisable to have designates. The first Petri dish will contain 0% Ethanol, in other words equitable water . With a small syringe, take 10 ml of distilled water (the use of distilled water is authoritative as you will be removing any materials that may have an effect on the Daphnia heart rate) and place it in the Petri dish. The syringe you just used will only be used with water and not for the Ethanol. Put a 0% label on the Petri dish in order to prevail track of the different concentrations you will be making. The next Petri dish will contain 0.2% ethanol concentration, and you will make concentrations going up to 0.8%, so0.2 % With the other small syringe (this one will only be used for ethanol), add 2 ml of the 1% Ethanol, to 8 ml of distilled water0.4 % Add 4 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 6 ml of distilled water 0.6% Add 6 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 4 ml of distilled water 0.8% Add 8 ml of the 1% ethanol, to 2 ml of distilled water remember to label each concentration accordingly 2. Set your microscope up, put it on spiritualist magnification. Do not turn it on yet because the light of th e microscope can heat up the environment where you will be observing the Daphnia. It is important to try to keep the temperature of the experiment as stable as possible. affectionateness may modify the Daphnia heart rate, and the effect of heat on the heart rate is not the purpose of this experiment. 3. Now it is time to plectrum out one Daphnia from the glass or container where you put all of them in. It is important to use only one throughout this whole experiment because different animals may founder variations in their response to different environments. With the open top pipette, try to pick out a Daphnia which is not too small, as it will be harder to observe the heart rate if it is small. Once you have managed to take one out, place it in the remain empty Petri dish. Take the normal size syringe and very conservatively suck the Daphnia in with as least water possible. The intention is to have the Daphnia right at the tip of the syringe. Squirt the Daphnia out into the ca vity slide. It is very important to put the Daphnia in with the least water possible, in order to prevent it from moving too much. It is recommended to try to squirt it out with only one drop of water, as this will keep it alive, but immobile. Use tissue to remove excess fluid. Put the slide under the microscope. Turn the microscope on.4. Make sure you can see the Daphnia clearly under the microscope, once you are contented with the image, look for the heart 7 is the heart. If you can see the heart, and can keep track of its beating, put the Daphnia, with the normal sized, syringe into the 0% label Petri dish. damp the microscope slide with water and dry it. Turn the microscope off. 5. Keep the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes, this lets it adapt do the conditions and also increases the probability of it go the whole experiment. With the normal size syringe take it out of the Petri dish and put it onto the microscope slide, make sure that it is practically immobile (by ma king sure that you squirted the least amount of water possible) and put it under the microscope. Turn the microscope on.6. progress to the paper and marker ready. Look into the microscope and make sure you can deal the heart beat. Get someone to count 15 seconds with the stop watch. During 15 seconds, tap the paper with the marker each time the heart beats, after(prenominal) this, count the number of dots on the paper. Multiply this number by quadruple this gives you the heart rate per minute. Record the result. Do this process 3 measure in order to get 3 heart rates. Add the 3 heart rates and then divide the result by 3 this will give you the fair(a) of the Daphnia heart rate under those conditions. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope for a maximum of 2 minutes, because the heat of the light in the microscope could have effects on the experiment. Turn the microscope off after the count to prevent further heating caused by the light. 7. choose the slide from the microscope, and with the normal size syringe put the Daphnia into the 0.2% labelled Petri dish (wash the slide with water and dry it). Leave the Daphnia in the Petri dish for 3 minutes once again. After 3 minutes, use the normal sized syringe to put it onto the microscope slide. Repeat step 6 and record results. 8. Count the heart rate of the Daphnia when placed in all the concentrations. Work your way up from 0% to 0.2% to 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%. Make sure you rinse and dry the slide with the distilled water after each time. You must start from the lowest concentration up to the highest concentration because the Daphnia has to in stages adapt to the changes, you will be reducing the probability of it dying. Another tenability for this is that if you start at the highest concentration, the impact on the Daphnia will be too dramatic and you will not see any trends once you try a lower concentration, it will have an effect of intoxication. call up to repeat each count 3 times to obtain an average o f the heart rate. Keep the Daphnia under the microscope during the same amount of time for each concentration, this will ensure that if there was any type of effect from the light under the microscope, all tests will be fair because they were under the exact same conditions. It is possible for the Daphnia to die during these tests this is why you must have acquired a fair amount of Daphnia, in order to have back-ups. 9. Repeat this experiment once or twice with different Daphnia, in this way you will be able to analyse any trends present in the experiment more accurately. I will use the following tables to record the results of this experiment Averages will be calculated for both experiments and the results will be organised in a separate table. My conclusion will be based on these averages because they are more representative. Modifications made to modeThe Daphnia used in the first experiment died after being placed on the cavity slide from the 0.6% ethanol solution probably due to the lack of fluid on the slide so I had to restart the experiment using another Daphnia. No one was useable to count 15 seconds with a stopwatch so I had to use my mobile phone which beeped after 15 seconds prompting me stop enumeration the number of heart beats. Results

Leadership and Culture as seen in Tech Mahindra Limited

leadhip and purification as seen in technical school Mahindra LimitedA hu globe being right from birth is associated to several(a) concourse including p atomic number 18nts, relatives, and so on. As he/she grows old, the pool of associations become stronger and mixed as his/her affects t wipe out(p) to grow such as The need of friends, education, and variant socioethnical aspects of human biography. The child thus becomes part of galore(postnominal) institutions catering to needs of to each one other in the organization. Organisation, as be by Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary is A root say of people who form a transmission line, club, etc. together in order to progress to a particular aim. All the organisations irrespective of their nature ar headed by a drawing card. Leader is often seen as a person who guides the organisation to achieve a common inclination by setting up practices and creating a positive surround with the organisation. As said by Fullan (1992 ) in his notes, that the only thing of real importance that attractions do is to progress to and manage glossiness. The lead of an organization has the primary responsibility for identifying the need for, and fostering, cultural change and for sustaining a sound safety nicety once it is established.In the following essay, I be move over tried elaborating more or less loss attractionshiphiphip skills and organisational stopping point winning into consideration Mr Vineet Nayyar who heads (Vice lead, MD CEO) tech Mahindra Limited, a joint profess between Mahindra Mahindra Group and British Telecommunications PLC.About tech MahindraIntroductiontechnical school Mahindra is a part of US $7.1 Billion Mahindra Group, in partnership with British Telecommunications plc (BT), which is one of the largest communication service providers in the world. The organisation was incorporated in 1986 under the name of Mahindra British Telecom, which was later changed to Tech Mahindra to reflect diversification and growth of client base. Tech Mahindra has majorly focussed the telecommunications indus tummyvass and is a spark advance global systems integratorand chore transformation consulting organization.Tech Mahindra operates glob all(prenominal)y with much than 15 Greenfield Operations and has over 124 active customer engagements mostly in Telecom sector. Some of its largest clients atomic number 18 BT, ATT, O2 and Alcatel-Lucent. The alliance has footprints in more than 25 countries and has been assessed as SEI CMMI Level 5 Company. The confederacy is supported by most 35,000 professionals who provide distinctive blend of domain expertise, in depth engineering science skill sets and culture.Tech Mahindra VisionTo be the most respected base provider in the communications ecosystemAnticipating and enabling changeAdmired for technology, agility, innovation, business models and the forest of its talentTech Mahindra ValuesTech Mahindra is focused on cr eating sustainable value growth through innovative solutions and unique partnerships. Our set are at the heart of our business reputation and are congenital to our go on success. We foster an environment to instil these values in every(prenominal) facet of our organization.Customer firstGood corporate citizenshipProfessionalismCommitment to qualityDignity of the individualSome of the Industry RecognitionsIn the Leaders crime syndicate in The 2009 Global Outsourcing 100 (IAOPs Annual Listing of the domains Best Outsourcing overhaul Providers)Ranked 2nd in Telecom Software providers of India by disposition Data, 2008 (VD 100 Ranking)Business Week Award for Asias Best Performing Companies, 2008 gain Excellence Award by Frost Sullivan, 2008Ranked 6th largest packet exporter from India (NASSCOM, 2008)LeadershipIntroduction to leadershipthither are legion(predicate) organisations reign in the todays world. Each and every member of an organisation aspires to prepare an mode l leader who can give an environment of trust, ownership among employees and is able to bullock the organisation in a balanced way both in good as swell as hard ages of the organisation. As said by Admiral Burke, US Navy-Leadership is understanding people and involving them to patron you do a business enterprise. That takes all of the good characteristics, like integrity, dedication of purpose, selflessness, know leadge, skill, implacability, as well as determination not to accept failure.But in that location remains a big question- What are the characteristics of a good leader? or How to assess if a person is worthy of leading a group or an organisation? During the following analysis, findings and practical scenarios I would try and find answers to the questions mentioned above.Theoretical come up to leadershipthither rescue been numerous theories discussing several aspects of leadership and different styles in which it is practiced. The earliest being the sign surmise o f Leadership which was worked upon and analysed at length as premature as around mid-1850. This opening was primarily interested in the measurement of traits of persons which can be defined as habitual patterns of emotion, conduct and thoughts. This theory actor to the fully believes that the traits of a person are in-born and remain constant over life lime and so it concluded that Leaders were born, not developed. In melodic phrase to this theory, some other theories which came up inlate 1940s and early 1950s stated persons who are Leaders in one mooring may not necessarily be leaders in other situations. These theories took into flyer the macro environment and took into consideration various cistrons affecting the decisions and behaviour of the leaders. The criticism of Trait theory by many an(prenominal) researchers taking into account its shortcomings, led them in an alternate theory, the Theory of Behaviour and Style. This theory led to hear of Managerial Grid Model w hich suggested five different leadership styles, based on the leaders concern for people and their concern for goal achievement. A graphical representation of the managerial grid model is shown below. til now many researchers believed that different situations call for different characteristics and this led to education of Situational and hazard Theory. This theory stated that the actions and behaviour of a leader were largely influenced by characteristics of the situation in which he functions. The most promising model for this theory was developed by Fred Fiedler and is known as Fiedler contingency model. He believed that The leaders effectiveness is based on situational contingency which is a result of fundamental interaction of devil factorsLeadership styleandSituational favourableness. As the leader I endure chosen to analyse scoop suits to this style of leadership, Contingency Theory would be the basis of my analysis well-nigh his leadership style.Fiedlers Contingency The ory and Mr Vineet NayyarIn the late 1950s and early 1960s, noticeable industrial and business psychologists Fiedler and Woodward started to study the leadership and behaviour styles of leaders and managers. Earlier to Fiedlers study, industrial psychologists mainly focussed on personal traits of influential leaders. They believed that there was only one best way to run an organisation which produced best results and most effective business practices. The reason of Fiedlers model influencing most researchers was that it denied one best way and dead fit in ripe tallly complex organisations where scenarios and environment of leaders kept changing more often.Fiedlers model assessed a potential leader with a scale of work style ranging from working class-Oriented on one end to Relationship-Oriented on the other. The other grand factor which affected behaviour was the contextual circumstances in which the group operates. This is furthermore supported by three contextual variables af fecting appropriateness of a particular style. These are Leader-member relations, occupation Structure and Leader Position Power.The diagram below depicts the model.Mr Vineet Nayyar, 70, is the Vice Chairman Managing Director of Tech Mahindra since 2005 and the Chairman of Mahindra Satyam since 2009 after(prenominal) its acquisition by Tech Mahindra. He is an accomplished leader and has led many organisations crosswise his life history span of 40 categorys. He has worked closely with Indian Government (an IAS Indian Administrative Services official),international multilateral agencies and the corporate sector (both open and private). While in government, he has interpreted many senior positions as Di stark Magistrate and Secretary of Government Administration. He has similarly been part of the World Bank for over 10 Years. In corporate sector, he was cosmos Chairman and Managing Director of state owned Gas Authority of India, MD and V Chairman of HCL Technologies. He holds a Masters degree in Development Economics from Williams College, Massachusetts.Vineet is undoubtedly an outstanding leader and a affair model for employees at Tech Mahindra. During his 6 categorys tenure, he has taken several crucial decisions which have impacted the organisation positively and have created a sense of trust which I believe is the most important characteristic of being a leader of an organisation. Year after year he has won excellent feedback scores from employees of the organisation which are unpatterned of his leadership qualities. A immense with high employee rapture, his role as a leader of organisation was backed up with exponential growth of the organisation. The company has duple its size both in man power as well as the total business sales. It has also acquired three organisations, Axes Technologies (India) mystical Limited, iPolicy Networks Private Limited and Satyam Computer Services Ltd since 2005.As suggested by Fiedlers Contingency theory, Leaders behavioural style is majorly impacted by environment around him. everywhere the last 5 years, Asian and Global economy have seen many highs and lows. During the time when Vineet entered into Tech Mahindra, global economy was on a stabilise hop on. He saw this as huge opportunity for Tech Mahindra, and the company under his leadership launched an extremely successful IPO (Initial Public Offer) in 2006, through which the organisation raised around $100 million to create a new development centre at Pune, India estimating an employee seating electrical capacity of 9000. This proved a highly motivating factor for employees of the organisation, as the company was thusly listed in Indian Stock Exchange which added to the credibility and popularity of the organisation. As the IPO was a huge success, the employees of Tech Mahindra were given bonus shares on completing 20 years of Tech Mahindra in 2006. This move change magnitude the sense of ownership and the level of commitment of t he employees towards the organisation.As the economy continued to flourish, the company gained new and potential clients on with existing customers which added to exponential rise in companys physical and liquid assets. Under Vineets leadership, Tech Mahindra increased footprints across India and the globe. It has added four new development centres in India along with several abroad site offices across Asia Pacific, Europe, Americas, Middle East and Africa. Companys headcount increased from 16,500 in 2005 to 35,200 in 2010. As the company grew stronger and bigger, it created more jobs for people and was being swear as a safe company considering job stabilization. These positive factors, along with Vineets influential leadership skills, resulted in a favourable situation which in a flash proved to have a positive effect on group performance. Leader-member relations were Good along with amply task structure. With new development centres coming into operation, there were revised p rocesses and policies which clearly defined each employees roles and responsibilities. each employee was being given a task to set-up his goals at the start of the year which were then finalized along with supervisors feedback. thither were squad/individual meetings/skip level meetings to highlight any concerns, feedback or comments related to employees work. All this resulted in High Task structure. All the groups/ groups were headed by a team-lead and a supervisor who had full office to assign and monitor tasks for individuals in the group. These people also had the authority to recommend outstanding performers for rewards and awards every quarter. Hence we can consider Leader Position power also to be High thus resulting in High Favourableness of the situation. The most appropriate Behavioural style hence can be conceived as let out LPC, Task Oriented. However along with Task Oriented leadership style, Vineet was also inclined towards Relationship-Oriented behaviour as the co mpany was doing well. Organisation incorporated several awards which were to be given to high performers and distribute bonuses among employees. There was high employee satisfaction resulting in improved boilers suit group performances.The economy continued to grow till early 2008 after which there was a steep downturn. The economic turmoil in join States and Europe had a direct impact on Tech Mahindra as all of its major clients belong to this geography. This was a drastic change of environment for Vineet and he had to adjust his leadership style with the changing scenario. Vineet along with his solicitude team had to churn out cost affective task driven methods to cope up with the ever increasing pressure of dipping economy and demanding clients. There were many changes in company processes to make them streamlined and cost effective. As the economy further weakened, many employees were discontinued from their roles in order to aver an even position on operational the projec ts. Employee Assessment and Appraisal carry out was reviewed as company was now operating on less operating moolah. All the overhead costs were minimized and bonuses were cut-off. This lead to decreased employee satisfaction and hampered team performances.During the same time period (2009) Tech Mahindra emerged as the highest bidder to play hit Satyam Computers Ltd (Later renamed as Mahindra Satyam after takeover). Vineet was appointed as the Chairman of Mahindra Satyam taking into account his excellent service to Tech Mahindra over the years. His past experiences and characteristics as a leader both proved to be the deciding factor for this decision. Economic downturn coupled with accounting scam was a incubus for employees of Mahindra Satyam. With a strong headcount of around 45,000, Mahindra Satyam due to its tainted find out and lost credibility lost many major clients. Its operating profits came down to negative and the company was very difficult to sustain. Vineet and his team carried out series of management and process changes in Mahindra Satyam to improve its position in the market. Rebranding Satyam Computers to Mahindra Satyam was one such move. The association to Mahindra Mahindra group instilled an increased sense of credibility. There were internal exchange placements within Tech Mahindra and Mahindra Satyam to utilize excessive man power and Tech Mahindra slowed its external recruitment process. Many employees of Mahindra Satyam who did not have a good performance assessment were handed pink-slips. It was crucial for Mahindra Satyam to reconstruct itself and regain its place in the IT Industry. A series of similar keister changes and developments took in Mahindra Satyam over the next few months. All these changes in Tech Mahindra and Mahindra Satyam led to decreased employee satisfaction. Employees were not given enough salary hikes and promotions were delayed. As more and more employees were terminated due to low operating margins, the team sizes grew smaller resulting in increased work pressure. This did not have a good effect on Leader-member relations and could be termed as Bad. Task structure also dropped to Low as there was increased workload due to less team members. Existing team members were unclear more or less the added responsibilities they had to partake which were an overhead to their already existing responsibilities. Leader position power still remained Strong as there was constant supervision on performance of the individuals. All these factors resulted in Low Favourableness of situation and behavioural style can hence be concluded as Low LPC Highly Task-oriented.ConclusionWith all the above evidences and instances of effect of external forces on leadership style of Vineet Nayyar, I can strongly conclude that leadership behaviour of leaders change with circumstances. A good leader is judged as to how he transforms his behaviour under different situations and choosing the correct style of leadershi p. Citing all the above instances of leadership and analysing them with theory as mentioned by Fiedler concludes that Fiedlers Contingency theorem capably fits Vineet Nayyars leadership style. As the scenarios and macro environment changes rapidly, leadership as a vast pool of possible operative styles was a ground-breaking idea by Fiedler. It is in my virtue a common idea in modern management theories which rejects a stiff assumption about ideal management. assimilationIntroduction to cultureCulture A word having its origins from Latin word Cultura which means to cultivate. Culture is a word having numerous meanings and definitions and is often the constituent(a) part of any organisation present today. Gareth Morgan has described organizational culture as The set of the set of beliefs, values, and norms, together with symbols like dramatized events and personalities that represents the unique character of an organization, and provides the context for action in it and by it. Organ isational culture is hard to excuse and is similar to other intangible entities which can just be go through by the virtue of it being into existence. With the size and complexity of organisations varying from a few to thousands, it is a vital and integral part of any organisation. It is in modern era, a characteristic of an organisation which mirrors the environment prevailing in the same and distinguishes it from others based on its Values, Rites, Rituals and cultural network.During the following text, I have tried examining organisational culture at Tech Mahindra based on speculative and practical approaches.Theoretical approach to cultureOrganisational culture has been analysed and defined by many anthropologists and sociologists including Deal and Kennedy, Charles Handy, Edgar Schein, Robert A. Cooke and many more. All the researchers have defined Culture in many different forms as it is very difficult to utter it distinctly. Every person when becomes a part of organisation, becomes a part of its culture. He understands, learns, inherits and then practices culture at organisation through his distinct ways. Schein has loosely classified the nature of culture as layered phenomena having three levels of visibility. These are Basic Assumptions, Values and Beliefs and Artefacts and Creations. He has further emphasized that these three layers of perceptible culture interact among themselves and do not stand out from each other. A graphical representation is shown below.Many different models exist which differentiate culture on the basis of its nature prevailing in different organisations. One of which is suggested by Peters and Waterman called the Characteristics of Excellent Companies. The authors studied cultures at some of the most successful organisations and came up with a list of common see practices within those organisations. This was by some viewed as One best culture and received strong criticisms by many researchers.Another model was suggested by Goffee and Jones which is also called as The Goffee and Jones Contingency Framework. This was a more modern approach to organisational culture and suggested the dependency of culture on business environments. They opposed the theory of one Right or Best culture for various organisations. Their exemplar could be depicted based on two dimensions sociability and Solidarity. These two dimensions were rated from Good to Bad and a four cubes structure was drawn.They suggested that an organisation could have one or a mix of these four cultures The Communal culture, the Networked culture, the hydrargyrum culture and the Fragmented culture. Taking the example of Tech Mahindra, I would be closely following this technique to examine its culture rated on Sociability and Solidarity.Culture at Tech MahindraTech Mahindra is a large organisation with around 35,000 employees around the globe. Tech Mahindra recruits fresh college graduates every year in large numbers. Just after these college gr aduates join the company, on their appointment day, are exposed to a series of inductance processes. These include registration processes, induction speech from the head of HR department and many similar synergetic sessions of what is expected out of an employee at Tech Mahindra. All these sessions talk about the value offered by Tech Mahindra culture and how these values are important to adapt by all the employees. The new employees are then divide into batches and are allotted to various Initial Training Programs (ITP and the employees are then called ITPians) based on their background studies. This ITP course extends around 4 months in which ITPians undergo various Technical and Behavioural trainings which prepares an ITPian to accept the challenge which his job offers. During the Behavioural training there are numerous sessions about grave of Conduct, Company dress code, Tech Mahindra rewards programs, emphasis on Quality work, tuition Security and bonuses linked to perform ance.All the employees are asked to follow a strict dress code which is Business formals from Monday to Thursday. Employees are allowed to wear Business Casuals, i.e. Jeans and Collared T Shirts on Friday. This dress code is strictly followed and its Managers responsibility for counselling defaulting team members thereby facilitating adherence to the Companys policy. Any choice of casual wear which is revealing, besides form fitted or worn out is strictly not allowed. There are instances where many employers do not have such kinds of regulations on dress code like Google. This however can be long debated over and over again with no firm outcome. In my popular opinion having a dress code is a good measure to create and maintain a healthy and professional environment across the organisation.The ITPians are briefed about Code of Conduct policies of Tech Mahindra about which they are asked to harken attentively. They are briefed of how they shall follow the applicable legal framework of the country in which they operate. Employees are expected to know and to understand the legal obligations applicable plot of ground performing their duties and discharging their responsibilities on the job. Ignorance cannot be an excuse for violation of law. They are also told to compete fairly with their competitors and maintain highest possible standards of integrity and ethics in every sphere of activity. ITPians are briefed that they shall not put their personal problems over organisational needs. Employees are always expected to protect and nurture the Companys interests all the time and remain independent in any decision that they may be required to take. They are told not to offer or accept gifts, hospitality or other inducements, which influence a decision, or engage in any form of bribery.

Investing in property shares

Investing in proportion sh arshttp//ezinearticles.com/?Pros-and-Cons-of-In develop-Investingid=1506834Investing indirectly means purchasing sh bes of companies that hold large portfolios of securities on behalf of their shargon holders. Indirect investing is a great opportunity for those who ar willing to start investing with a small amount, having no previous knowledge or experience of trite markets ups and downs. You drop decide if indirect investing is the right choice for you later on examining the fol broken ining features.The returnss associated with investing in berth shares is that investors gain from greater liquidness since billet conjunction shares are publicly traded and the time taken to buy and sell these shares is far shorter than the time taken to buy and sell sincere plaza. Investors washbasin create modify property portfolios of property confederation shares at relatively low cost and in most cases, buying into diversified property portfolios in a cquiring those shares. Transaction costs are start out than direct purchase. Finally since the cost of publicly traded shares are known at any given time, in that location are no uncertainties as to the hold dear of them. This is a contrast to direct enthronisation with the buying and selling of reliable property, whereby it can take a matter of days to establish the cheers. perchance the biggest advantage of indirect coronation is the expertise and high standard concern that comes along with investing in indirect property investment vehicles, as far as someone who knows little about property investment is concerned. dimension investment companies buzz off experts specializing in investment analysis and portfolio attention and these companies will ever stand a better chance for compulsive yields as compared to a common man who badepose knows about fiscal markets.Furtherto a greater extent another(prenominal) advantage with indirect investment vehicles is the opportunit y for the investor to supply on discounts and premiums, especially in the case of close-ended funds. The net asset comfort of investment companys share keep going up and down establish on companys per conditionance and these shares are not always traded on net asset value. If sold at a price lower thence net asset value, these are utter to be sold at discount and if the price is higher then net asset value, they are selling at premium. This provides an opportunity to earn, even when the Net Asset apprise has not changed.Neverthless there are single outs to investing in property shares. Firstly, the prices of property shares move up and down with the stock market, as such they are more voliatilie. Between 1970 and 1992 the annualised standard deviation of UK property shares was 27 per cent compared to 11 per cent for direct property as measured by the Jones Lang Wooton Index (Barkham and Gelthbner, 1995). It should be noted that when the impact of cant overing was removed fo rm property share prices and when the JLW series desmoothed, the standard deviations were much clooser in magnitude. Since agree to finance theory, risk-adjusted returns should equalise, property companies should off-keyer higher average surgical operation to be investors with this volatility. Secondly another disadvantage is that since property companies are revenue enhancemented on their wampum , their is no full tax transparency . As such untaxed investors such as pension funds are unable to phone call back corporation tax.A notable disadvantage of investing in indirect property vehicles is that although mutual funds are managed by certified professionals and experts, no expert can guarantee a profit on every investment made. There are many uncontrollable variables voluminous and then there is always a chance of unpredictable happening, usually referred to as the great unknown. Mutual funds can be change integrity into different categories on basis of risk, for type hybrid fund be less risky while specialized stock funds go in the high risk high return category.Another disadvantage is the charges involved in buying into property shares, trusts and funds. Investment companies do not provide the high quality portfolio management services for free. This can off putting to the would be investor because they also have to pay additional charges associated with dealing through a broker as most property investment companies do not offer direct purchase plans. Also, most of these companies dribble unreasonable marketing and trades campaign because of competition. Some part of this depreciate is also charged from investors, known as sales load.In addition, another disadvantage is the lack of control that the investor has in guiding their investments. This can be off putting to a investor who wants control and they have to alternatively rely fully on the companys management decisions regarding investment. Another shortcoming is that investing in property shares, trusts and funds are not guaranteed by any governance body or authorities nor do they provide any special(prenominal) protection. The shareholder has little influence over the acquistion and disposal decisions made by the company, nor overfinancing decisons (the amount of borrowing -gearing or leverage and the issuing of new shares which edit the value of existing shares). Since share prices should reflect judgements about the quality of management, the rectitude markets provides some form of discipline. The shareholder may also find it thorny to obtain full information on the property assets and teaching schemes of the company, in particular where there exist complex ownership structures with joint ventures and off relief shet holdings.The advantages of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are alike to that of property shares in footing of lot coat, liquidness, public trading and price information, with the added advantage of tax transparency. As many researchers have pointed out, there has been an explosive issue of the REIT market. For example the market corkingisation of the industry has gone from $1.88 one million million million in 1972 to $44.31 one million million million in 1994 for the total index with a substaintial amount of that growth in the rightfulness index (without healthcare). Also the breakdown between two types of REITs in the index was as follows 205 equity REITs with a reported value if $62.06 million (70.4 per cent of total assest value) 32 mortgage REITs with a reported value of $21.78 billion (24.7 per cent) and 23 hybrid REITs with a reported value of $4.34 billion (4.9 per cent). This boom in the market was a direct result of the 1986 task Reform Act that allowed greater management flexibility and established a less restrictive tax environment as such more tax transparency, creating the conditions for growth in the REIT market. However, in common with property company shares, REITs exhibit higher volatility than the direct market.The advantages of investing in Property Unit Trusts and Managed Funds is that they offer relatively low unit costs , allowing investors to acquire an interest in a diversified property portfolio without excessive commitment of capital. However there are potential disadvantages in terms of lack of management control and illiquidity. In theory, there is some liquidity in that units may be redeemed on a periodic basis. In practice, in a poor market or when a when a high proportion of units are attempting to sell, the manager may dodge redemption. Furthermore, the spread (gap between unit purchase and redemption prices) tends to increase when there is selling pressure, harming exercise. Finally, since selling pressure tends to occur in falling markets, sales take place in poor conditions and are, in effect, forced quite a than open market sales. These disadvantages temper the benefits in terms of lot size and diversification.The disadvantages of c onventional debt instruments such as mortgages, mortgage debentures and bonds is that the lender as a investor cannot benefit from any growth in rents and capital values there is downside, but no upside risk. The risk-adjusted return will, therefore, change with conditions in the property market. Innovative forms of debt funding have similar characteristic. Deep discount bonds are sol below par (that is, at less than their face and redemption value) so that the investor obtains capital growth on redemption. A number of hybrid debt-equity instruments have been developed which enable the investor to participate in market accomplishment. Since sofa bed mortgages are loans secured on a property (or, possibly, a portfolio of properties). The lender has an pickaxe to convert some or all of the loan into a direct or indirect equity interest in the property. Thus, the lender can benefit from greater than anticipated growth in the property market. The borrower can benefit from lower intere st rates or from the lender permitting a higher loan to value ratio, thus reducing the borrowers own equity input. Furthermore there are tax and accounting advantages in move mortgage structures for both the borrower and the lender, whereby the lender receives a premium related to the sale price (or agreed valuation) at redemption. However, a legal problem the accompaniment that the lenders call option acts as a clog the equity of redemption, preventing a borrower from clearing debt and thus owning the asset unencumbered has, at the time of writing, not been decisively resolved and has been the subject of Law Commission deliberations in the UK.The trader advantages of property derivatives relate to their low unit costs , the ability to gear up investment and the ability to gain exposure to the property market without incurring high levels of specific risk (for example, a PIC enabled an investor to lead the IPD portfolio then valued at some 40bn) for just 250,000. However, the re are a number of drawbacks. These include questions about the information content of commercialised property indices, lags in the publication of the indices and the fact that the investor is buying into average performance and cannot hope to outperform the market. he key condition for successful development of property derivatives is the establishment of an active secondary market. This requires sufficient market capitalisation, investors watchful to trade actively in the market (as opposed to buying the sign offering and holding it to redemption) and, critically, differences in opinion as to future trajectories of the cardinal assets or index. There must be buyers and sellers. Once established, it is possible that price movements in the derivative market will, as in other capital markets, have implications for pricing in the underlying direct property market.The presentment of UK REITs means small investors are now able to invest indirectly in a truly diversified property po rtfolio, buying low cost and easily tradable units, instead of having to purchase, say, entire properties.A major advantage of UK REITs is their tax-efficient nature. Investors avoid the copy taxation that any investor in property company shares faces, as tax wont be payable on letting or capital gains earned within a REIT (as the REIT organisation is clear from corporation tax on qualifying property income and gains). Investors will only when be liable for the tax due on income received as dividends.Because UK REITs pay out such a large portion (90%) of their pelf in dividends, theyre also particularly pleasing to small income-seeking investors.Without the challenges associated with the current double taxation regime, UK REITs may differ from existing quoted property companies in that their gear up focus may be less about capital growth than maximising shareholder dividends.They are able to meet the needs of the property investment market and the small investor in that they offer regular and potentially high-yielding returns. Also access to property investment for small investors is for minimal cost as such there is less exposure to their investments. It offers portfolio diversification for investors and as such more leverage against risk. Buying into REITs offers a more attractive form of diversification than by buying into a wider range of bonds or equities simply because they have a higher correlation with diversification than equities and bonds have (reita.org, All about REITs) Liquidity easy to buy/sell inflict transaction costs compared to buying property directly (stamp duty on direct property is up to 4%, whereas buying shares in a UK REIT will only be subject to stamp duty of 0.5%)Access to property investment in a variety of sectors and geographical locations Strong bodily governance.The major concern about investing in REITs as a means of gaining exposure to the commercial property market is their correlation to equities. Because REITs a re stock market listed companies, the performance of their shares is inevitably affected by the performance of the market. In the short-term, ie over periods of less than 18 months, the performance of REITs shares is probable to be more closely correlated to that of other shares than it is to that of commercial property. Having said that, commercial property, whether direct or indirect, should be considered for long-term investment kinda than short-term speculation.Like any investment, the value of a REIT can go down as well as up and past performance isnt necessarily an indicator of future performance. If you are looking for advice on where to invest, Reita would always recommend seeking independent financial advice from an investment professional.

Discrimination and the Hijab: The Role of Social Workers

Discrimination and the Hijab The government agency of brotherly WorkersMelissa SadakaThe aftermath of several political, legal, and historical events has led to the minus representations and tensions towards Islam and its practices in Western clubho go for. These depictions pose impacted Moslem women who slang the hijab as they are religiously identifiable (Hyder, Parrington, Hussain, 2015). It is evident in the literature and media that difference towards the hijab continues to remain a tender problem in the West. Discrimination is the mistreatment of an individual(a) due to their race status or background (Australian gentle firearms gentleman Rights Commission, 2015). non totally does it payoff in a marginalised society, discrimination is ideologically unworthy and negatively effects the individual and society as whole. As present in the literature, the hijab is discriminated a elevatest due the misinterpreted overtakes, held by non- Moslems, that the women who acquire it are oppressed and associated with act of terrorism (Al Wazni, 2015,). These views afford proved to negatively affect the daily experiences and identity of Muslim women as they face difficulties and acts of discrimination in settings such(prenominal) as school, run short and the public.Social work essentially aims to focus on and draw vigilance to discriminatory beliefs and customs that lead to both poor public principles and amiable health (Hosken, 2013). It mandatory for all fond workers to participate in cordially and racially proficient education and advocacy that encourages transition while simultaneously reducing fear and doubt (Australian Association of Social Workers, 2010) . As an calling and discipline, mixer work has come to accept the responsibility of tackling and eliminating discrimination in the lives of individuals it assists through both direct and indirect methods (Graham, Bradshaw, Trew, 2009). The menstruation paper testament analyse and c ritique the role of fond work and its function in responding to discrimination towards Muslim women particularly in Australia. Recent and alternate favorable work approaches such as policy, education, research and practice in chemical reaction to the social problem allow for besides be identified.Social workers bring in the power of diversity as it is competent in characterising and shaping the humane experience and is signifi stinkert to the development of identity. All individuals beget basic and unplumbed human covers despite their position in society. Securing and ensuring that these rights are protected and accept in the value of the individual are important responsibilities in social work today (Graham, Bradshaw, Trew, 2009)Historically, social work has been criticised due its previous practices in failing to respond to present circumstances and endorsing the standards of a white pith class society(Matsuoka Thompson). Present approaches for social workers mandate s them to understand the power of diversity and mail it in order to build a better human society and experience. It is a social workers responsibility to up obtain any human beingnesss right and their values and to eradicate discrimination under any basis (Ressler Hodge). The cornerstvirtuosoon of ethics of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW, 2010) reserves a set of honorable principle and standards to govern social work behavior in affinity to discrimination. The organizations Code of Ethics in Australia includes the principle that social workers should challenge social manginess-focusing primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other manifestations-and that their activities should promote sensitivity to and knowledge close oppression and cultural and ethnic diversity. Further, the Code states, social workers should strive to secure access to indispensabilityed discipline, services, and resources equality of opportunity and meani ngful participation in decision-making for all bare a little. (AASW, 2010, p.17).A Muslim woman in Australia who has experienced a form of discrimination has access to a range of services and programs that can assist her. The Department of Social Services (DSS), the main source of accessing social policies in Australia, is designed to support and enhance the lives of Australians (2015). The DSS promotes a Multicultural Australia and can provide those who piss been discriminated against with multiple resources and support services. The DSS can assist A Muslim woman who has been discriminated against by providing her with info and referrals to programs and policies. The DSS will provide her with information on current Australian anti-discrimination laws and provide her with the option of submitting a armorial bearing to the Australia human rights commission who will then further deliver additional assistance. The Department of human services (DHS) is the main source of access to health, allowance and social support for Australians and includes a team of social workers that can similarly assist those who use their service (2015). Ghumman and Ryan (2013) return determined that wearing a Hijab amplified both formal and informal discrimination when applying for work. In this exampleMS1, a Muslim woman who is using DHS services can contact a DHS social worker for further support if she feels that her hijab is effecting her chances in gaining a full-time job. The DHS social work services can deliver short term counselling, referrals to a range of services and support information.Overall, to sustain both professionalism and diversity in social work it is required to understand basic human rights and probable practices to assist victims of discrimination. Their voices should be heard and necessary support should be provided as with every human being. The discrimination towards people based on what they wear and what religion they practice will be ongoing as t he current generation and society is poisoned by the narrow thoughts and vague ideas generated from power sources such a media and politics. An individuals choice to wear a garment that represents their faith should be respected within the social work profession. Though Australia is multicultural and embraces diversity and tolerance, discrimination towards the hijab remains existent. Social workers need to be able to demonstrate an understanding of cultural and religious customs, such as the hijab, to establish a justified and enhanced interaction with clients. Social workers should challenge social injustice by embracing diversity through advocacy. Muslim women who wear the hijab should be viewed as positive assets to work with and learn from.ReferencesAl Wazni, A. B. (2015). Muslim Women in America and Hijab A Study of Empowerment, Feminist Identity, and Body Image. Social Work, 60(4), 325-333. inside10.1093/sw/swv033Australian Association of Social Workers. (2010). Code of Ethic s AASW. Retrieved evidence 6, 2017, from https//www.aasw.asn.au/practitioner-resources/code-of-ethicsAustralian compassionate Rights Commission. (2015). Complaint information. Retrieved March 7, 2017, from https//www.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/WEB_Info_making_unlawful_discrimination.pdfDepartment of Human Services. (2017). Social work services Australian Government Department of Human Services. Retrieved from https//www. worldly concernervices.gov.au/customer/services/social-work-servicesDepartment Social Services. (2015). What We Do Department of Social Services, Australian Government. Retrieved March 7, 2017, from https//www.dss.gov.au/ somewhat-the-department/overview/what-we-doGhumman, S., Ryan, A. M. (2013). Not welcome here Discrimination towards women who wear the Muslim questionscarf. Human Relations, 66(5), 671-698. inside10.1177/0018726712469540Graham, J. R., Bradshaw, C., Trew, J. L. (2009). Adapting Social Work in running(a) with Muslim Clients. Soci al Work Education, 28(5), 544-561. doi10.1080/02615470802400729Hosken, N. (2013). Social work control and discrimination. Advances in Social Work and Welfare Education, 15(1), 92-104. Retrieved from http//search.informit.com.au/documentSummarydn=479428906488362res=IELHSSHyder, N., Parrington, C. A., Hussain, P. (2015). Experiences of Hijabi Women Finding a Way Through the Looking Glass for Muslim Americans. Advancing Women in Leadership, 35, 172-177. Retrieved from http//advancingwomen.com/awl/awl_wordpress/Matsuoka, A. K., Thompson, A. (2009). Combating Stigma and Discrimination Among Social Work Students. Canadian journal of connection Mental Health, 28(2), 95-98. doi10.7870/cjcmh-2009-0025Ressler, L. E., Hodge, D. R. (2006). Religious Discrimination in Social Work. Journal of Religion Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought, 24(4), 55-74. doi10.1300/j377v24n04_05MS1Not too sure if I should us this and dont know what else to useDr Nawal El Saadawi Memoirs of a Woman doct orDr Nawal El Saadawi Memoirs of a Woman DoctorSince my childhood, I withstand always dreamt of producing a film or penning a declare ab come to the fore gender inequity in the set Eastern society. So that I could be able to accomplish this goal, I have to obtain the adequate experience in order to hold a certificate from one of the prestigious universities in Qatar. As a matter of fact, I have the desire towards achieving my goals and proving my skills unless my society, with all its restrictions and limitations, doesnt concede me the chance to do so. Because I live in a Qatari society, I have to be committed to certain traditions and customs which dont provide me with the opportunity to become a decent educated woman in a community where men only have the power to dominate.Therefore, when I think close to the difference between men and women and why people differentiate and discriminate between people based on their gender, I find myself attracted towards reading nurses ab out feminism in order to, at least, feel that other women suffer from what I feel and that they will do whatever it takes to gain their lost rights. Through reading these hands, I have the chance to know much about the meaning of feminism as well as figuring out more about women who have experienced conflicts with their families since their childhood only because they were born(p) as girls not boys. Therefore, I encouraged myself to read a record called Memoirs of a woman doctor. This leger was written by an Egyptian female writer named Dr. Nawal El Saadawi. In fact, this book had had an impact on my life to the extent that it contributed in changing my thoughts and my ideas as well as my view towards different things. A course of instruction ago, I read this book and for the first time I entangle like I have the power to accomplish my objectives and live a normal equal life like any other man in the whole world.Regarding the book of Memoirs of a woman doctor, it talks about a unfledged girl who use to live in a traditional Egyptian family. Unfortunately, the family of this little young girl undervalued her skills and underestimated her talents because she wasnt a boy. Dr. Nawal treasured to attract my attention and the attention of the rest of readers towards the fact that the point of view of this family towards its daughter reflects the point of view of the whole Egyptian and Arab society towards women in general. cosmos brought up as a girl in such family, this woman had to face all kinds of discrimination and injustice. In other words, her family employ to prefer her brother over her despite the fact that she was an amazing savant at school and she was more intelligent than him. This definitely has led to more bad effects on her view towards herself. She started to feel that she was born with a disability and that there was something wrong about her. She began to hate herself, her body and everything that used to surround womens life. However , she didnt surrender to this cruel reality. Luckily, her family allowed her to continue her studies and she managed to enroll in one of the universities in the faculty of Medicine. After graduation, she turned to become an excellent doctor. creation a doctor provided this woman with the opportunity to start loving herself again. She matte that she had fall upond one of her goals and that pushed her forward towards accomplishing more and more in her life. In addition, she started to manakin out that discrimination and inequality between men and women is a result of a complicated backward point of view of a society towards women. Moreover, she began to know the fact that other women can do whatever they need if they had the desire and the inner power. Women withal have all the chances to accomplish their dreams if they only tried to do so. Thats why the main character in that book turn overd in biological science as a field of study since studying medicine allowed her to have fa ith in justice and in breaking all the complicated rules she was forced to follow.On the other side, this book allowed me to believe in myself and my abilities. In other words, I started becoming more self-confidence in addition to being willing to overcome my fears. I also began to become more patient as I wise(p) that life cant be easy all the time and that I had to try harder in order to succeed. Moreover, I have figured out that only successful people have the chance to enjoy their lives since they have faith in their skills and they never give up no matter what they face. Besides, I began to love myself more and accept the fact that I was born as woman for a certain reason as graven image never creates something by coincidence.Because I read this book when I had to chain reactor with a consider of issues, it was and is still considered as a source of zilch as it provided me with the needed positivity to accomplish what I had planned. As a matter of fact, when I figured ou t that this woman in the book of Dr. Nawal had to suffer because of complicated thoughts, I felt that she represents me and a lot of one million million women all over the world who have to face many problems to gain their rights. Moreover, this book let me know more about a lot of topics about which I didnt have a background. For example, I began to have ideas about different things like marriage, loyalty, human body, beauty and creativity. I also learned that I work not only to gain money but also to help people get the needed medications so that they could have healthier bodies. On the other hand, my creativity began to increase and I started to use my imagination to solve problems. Moreover, I learned that we all are humans and that we werent born as angels. Therefore, we commit mistakes and thats why we need to forgive for each one other.Since reading is one of the great pleasures in this world, I enjoyed reading Memoirs of a woman doctor. This book widened my thoughts about feminism and also enlightened my vision. As a matter of fact, I began to learn that feminism doesnt refer to opus or high heels or having a great body. Instead, it indicates intelligence, beauty of the spirit and having a smart brain. In other words, many people believe that feminism is a concept that involves being a lady in shape which is totally wrong. On the contrary, feminism is a term that indicates being a lady by being educated and sophisticated. Thats why I believe the Qatari society and the entire Arab society must modify their point of view towards women. Therefore, instead of looking at their clothes or their bodies, they need to look through their minds.Like many families in Egypt, Qatari families adopt following the customs and traditions of the Arab society. These traditions are indicated in the fact that young girls must wear veil when they are not in their homes. Being an Arab woman living in Qatar, I was obliged to cover my head wherever I go. Furthermore, some Qatari families force their young daughters to quit school and get married to older men because they believe that women were created to achieve that purpose. Thats why I felt that this book has touched something in my spunk and also because I had to experience what the writer had had to go through.ConclusionThe book of Dr Nawal El Saadawi called Memoirs of a woman doctor provided me with a lot of information and thats why I began to change my thoughts and my views towards myself and the entire society. Therefore, I believe Arab societies particularly the Qatari one have to change the way they view women. They also must encourage other organizations in order to offer women opportunities to ameliorate their skills. Furthermore, women must not give up and form peaceful barrier to defend their lives and their rights. By following these steps, women will be able to have equal life just as men and I will have the chance to accomplished all my plans and goals. I will also never regret because I was born as a woman. Instead, I will be proud of my femininity.